Indicators of site loss from a migration network: Anthropogenic factors influence waterfowl movement patterns at stopover sites

A network of connected wetlands supports migratory movements waterfowl. These networks are rapidly changing due to intensive human activities around natural habitats. Quantifying how anthropogenic factors change waterfowl via a reduction habitat availability and quality can facilitate better understanding the dynamics these migration networks, provide early-warning signals for collapse. Using satellite tracking data greater white-fronted geese (Anser albifrons) in East Asian-Australasian Flyway, we tested environmental (i.e., ecological factors) influence movement patterns at stopover sites. We found that factors, e.g., percentage farmlands landscape, proximity index wetland patches, accurately predicted flying time median distance tracked Farmlands may increase energy consumptions sites because flew more frequently, made longer movements, switched their behaviour frequently landscapes with higher proportion farmlands. Goose were constrained habitats, as water increased thereby distances. suggest using monitored by remote sensing techniques predict bird is powerful quantitative tool measure The changes be used an indicator probability losing site from network, generates insights setting priorities conservation planning birds.